Public Sector Combined Heat and Power (CHP): The scale and cost-carbon challenge
There are 309 gas-fired CHP installations across the public sector estate in Great Britain, representing 414 MW of behind-the-meter generation. Three quarters of them will need replacing within the next decade. This report, produced by Energy Systems Catapult under the Public Sector Decarbonisation Guidance programme commissioned by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ), quantifies the scale of the challenge and reveals a fundamental tension: every low carbon alternative costs approximately 2.5 times more to operate than gas CHP, while gas CHP is now the highest-emitting option over the period to 2050. With grid constraints, long project lead times, and the recent closure of the Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme, the window for managed action is narrowing.
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Modern Energy Partners: Testing the practicalities of public sector decarbonisation

The Modern Energy Partners (MEP) was an award winning £20million innovation pilot exploring how to decarbonise the public sector estate to help the government reduce carbon emissions by 50% by 2032. MEP ran from April 2019 to September 2021, with Energy Systems Catapult coordinating and delivering the programme.
The Catapult worked with some of the largest public sector emitters including the NHS, Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Justice and alongside leading industry expertise.
More detail can be found in the following chapters:
- MEP – Chapter 1: Introduction and programme delivery
- MEP – Chapter 2: Decarbonisation Delivery Strategy
- MEP – Chapter 3: Finance and Funding
- MEP – Chapter 4: Capacity and capability
- MEP – Chapter 5: Public Sector Decarbonisation in Practice
- MEP – Evaluation of Phase 2 of the Modern Energy Partners programme
Modern Energy Partners: Testing the practicalities of public sector decarbonisation
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The Modern Energy Partners (MEP) was an award winning £20million innovation pilot exploring how to decarbonise the public sector estate to help the government reduce carbon emissions by 50% by 2032. MEP ran from April 2019 to September 2021, with Energy Systems Catapult coordinating and delivering the programme.
The Catapult worked with some of the largest public sector emitters including the NHS, Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Justice and alongside leading industry expertise. More detail can be found in the following chapters:
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Modern Energy Partners: Testing the practicalities of public sector decarbonisation
This main report contains detailed findings and recommendations from the Modern Energy Partners innovation programme, tasked with exploring how to decarbonise the public sector estate.
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We use this information for internal research purposes to help us better understand which energy sector stakeholders are interested in which areas of our work. We do not share your details with any third parties.
If you do not wish to complete the form, please email communications@es.catapult.org.uk to request a digital copy.
MEP – Chapter 1: Introduction and Programme Delivery
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We use this information for internal research purposes to help us better understand which energy sector stakeholders are interested in which areas of our work. We do not share your details with any third parties.
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MEP – Chapter 2: Decarbonisation Delivery Strategy
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We use this information for internal research purposes to help us better understand which energy sector stakeholders are interested in which areas of our work. We do not share your details with any third parties.
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MEP – Chapter 3: Finance and Funding
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We use this information for internal research purposes to help us better understand which energy sector stakeholders are interested in which areas of our work. We do not share your details with any third parties.
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MEP – Chapter 4: Capacity and Capability
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MEP – Chapter 5: Public Sector Decarbonisation in Practice
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We use this information for internal research purposes to help us better understand which energy sector stakeholders are interested in which areas of our work. We do not share your details with any third parties.
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MEP - Evaluation of Phase 2 of the Modern Energy Partners programme
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Net Zero considerations for public sector bodies
Based on the MEP programme, this report helps you consider if your organisation is set up to deliver Net Zero.
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We use this information for internal research purposes to help us better understand which energy sector stakeholders are interested in which areas of our work. We do not share your details with any third parties.
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Modern Energy Partners: Case Study
Case study for the award-winning £12.4m programme that tested practical decarbonisation of the Public sector estate
Find out morePublic Sector Decarbonisation Guidance
The Public Sector Decarbonisation Guidance builds on the MEP programme and provides public sector organisations with nearly 60 free to use guides, tools and templates to help them implement cost effective decarbonisation and renewable energy projects on their sites.
Explore the guidanceWant to know more?
Find out more about how Energy Systems Catapult can help you and your teams
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Find out more about how Energy Systems Catapult can help you and your teams